tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25282575738444615322024-03-14T07:57:26.308+05:30Bibliolatry"Every book has its body & soul"
-Dr.S.R.Ranganathanதமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.comBlogger25125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-87634771716864379372020-01-06T12:19:00.000+05:302020-01-06T12:19:23.567+05:30IDENTIFY, PREVENT, AND REMOVE MOLD AND MILDEW FROM BOOKS<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="lead" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<b>Imagine: You just came across a wonderful book in your favorite used book or thrift store, and it seems to be everything that you were looking for to add to your shelf. It is nearly perfect, except for the pervasive, dank smell that comes along with it.</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Unfortunately, that smell can be an indication of improper storage in a cold, damp basement or uninsulated attic, leaving it open to the growth of mold and mildew. These fungi are the most common culprits of the familiar “old book smell,” but that odor is the least of the detrimental effects possible.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Mold and mildew live off of organic material (leather, wood, paper, cloth) and over time their presence can weaken the structure of the book, stain the cover and pages, and prompt negative effects in your health, especially for folks with allergies or asthma.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
It is important to identify the active growth of mold and mildew and remove it before it spreads through your entire library!</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #591815; font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2rem; margin: 20px 0px 10px;">
Identification</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Mold</span>: Mold is a type of fungus that can and will grow on anything, as long as it can find a food source and the appropriate humidity for its development. It can develop in patches of threads, thick spider-webs or fuzzy spots, and it appears most often on natural, porous surfaces such as cotton, linen, silk, wool, leather, and paper. It reproduces by sending out clouds of spores, hence it's ability to “leap” from book to book.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">You probably have mold growth on your book if you observe any of the following problems:</em></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">the presence of fuzzy growth, in just about any color you can imagine</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">stringy, white filaments stretching across porous surfaces</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">evidence of past water damage</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">strange spots or stains</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Mildew</span>: Mold is often accompanied by mildew. While they share some similarities, they are not the same kind of fungus. However, any moldy or otherwise soiled surface can provide a nutritive source for mildew, and beyond that it requires the prime temperature and humidity level to make it appear and spread like wildfire.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">You probably have mildew growth on your book if you observe any of the following problems:</em></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">“Old book smell” - that ubiquitous scent is often caused by mildew, even after it is removed</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">a thin haze, a patch of spots, or a powdery flaking layer, normally white, black, or grey on the surface of the book or paper</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">If you identify mold or mildew on any of your books, magazines, or paper ephemera, remove them from your collection immediately!</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="color: #591815; font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; letter-spacing: 1px;">Prevention</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Humidity is the number one condition for the growth of mold and mildew. It is the moisture in still, quiet air that allows mold spores to grow and spread. Think of dank basements, musty attics, or clothes left in the washer too long – these are prime mildew-growing habitats.</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Keep your books on a shelf that gets a decent air flow, not in a closet, basement, or against an outside wall of the house.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Maintain good air circulation by using fans. If possible, use an air conditioner during the hot summer months and a heater during the cold winter to maintain a temperature around 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius).</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">A dehumidifier should help to keep the humidity under 60 percent, but only when necessary. Books that are too dry can be damaged and crack.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">While houseplants are a lovely addition to a room, your library might be better off without them; or at least keep them away from the bookshelves.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Dust the tops of your books regularly, as a clean surface is less attractive to spores.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Some book collectors swear by the light use of lavender essential oil directly on the bookshelf as it is an anti-fungal, but this will scent the books and may cause discoloration.</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">It is also suggested to keep a small, electric light burning in your bookcase, but this can also cause discoloration to your books over time.</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #591815; font-family: Arial, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2rem; margin: 20px 0px 10px;">
Care and Removal</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Whether you are a casual bibliophile or a serious collector, your books likely mean a lot to you. If you do not feel confident handling your prized books in the following methods, please find a local conservator who can professionally clean your collection, or rebind them if all else fails.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
Remember, mold and mildew can be harmful to you as well as to your treasured library! Please exercise caution, and wear a mask over your nose and mouth to reduce the impact on your health.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline;"><b>Removing Mold and Mildew growth from the Outside of a Dry Book:</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">If you can perceive growth on your book's cover, you may use a fine brush or very soft cloth to gently brush away the mildew. Alternatively, a HEPA filter vacuum hose attachment with a thin cloth or dryer sheet over the nozzle can be an effective resource to remove mold growth from the book cover.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">For a paperback book you can use a soft cloth lightly dampened with denatured alcohol to kill the mildew. Use light, gentle strokes as not to damage the paper/glossy cover, and make sure that you dab away the excess liquid and dry the book thoroughly but gently.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">For a cloth, leather, or other hardback types of binding, you can spot-clean with denatured alcohol, but make sure to test an out-of-the-way corner to check for color change or deterioration.</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline;"><b>Removing Mold and Mildew growth from the Pages of a Dry Book:</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Slide a sheet of waxed paper underneath the moldy page to protect the page behind it. As in the step above, use a soft brush to carefully remove any obvious mold or mildew. Dampen a soft cloth with hydrogen peroxide or denatured alcohol and carefully treat</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline;"><b>Removing Mold and Mildew growth from a Wet Book:</b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Do not attempt to brush or wipe mold off of your damp books, as it will likely smear and stain the surface, as well as grinding it further into your book. You MUST dry your book and then treat the mold problem afterwards.</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
If you are not able to work on drying and cleaning a damp book immediately, place it in a plastic zip-top bag and pop it in the freezer. Let it thaw once you are ready to try the following methods of drying your book:</div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Place absorbent sheets (paper towels, rags, etc) between each page of the book and wrap the book in a towel. Set a heavy weight on top to squeeze out the moisture. You will need to replace the absorbent materials frequently. Repeat until the book is damp, not sopping.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">Air circulation is very helpful in drying your book. You can use fans or hair dryers to speed the drying process, but air directed at the books for an extended amount of time can cause warping of the cover, boards, and pages.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">If your weather is cooperative, place the books into the sunlight, as exposure to the sun’s UV rays can help to kill mold spores. Remember; however, that light can cause damage and bleaching, so bring in your books after an hour in the sun.</li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">You can dry a damp book completely by sprinkling cornstarch between the pages and letting it sit in a plastic bag or box for a couple of hours. The cornstarch will absorb the excess moisture. When you remove the book, use a soft brush to clean up the cornstarch and repeat as needed.</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<b><span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<b><span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline;">Musty odor still lingers after mold and mildew removal</span>:</b></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px;">If your book is mold and mildew free but still has a smell to it, you can sprinkle baking soda in a sealed container or bag and place the book inside for a couple of hours. The baking soda is quite effective at absorbing the scent. Activated charcoal can be substituted in this step. Again, repeat as necessary.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<a href="https://www.biblio.com/book-collecting/care-preservation/prevent-remove-mold-mildew/">https://www.biblio.com/book-collecting/care-preservation/prevent-remove-mold-mildew/</a></div>
</div>
தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-14143574582261041532014-04-02T00:30:00.000+05:302014-04-02T00:30:11.303+05:30The Fairy Maker-'Andersen'!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">"Life itself is a Fairy Tale!" ~H.C.Andersen</span></b></h2>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #0c343d; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #0c343d; font-size: large;">April 2nd, (1805) the Danish Author Andersen's B-Day today! </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;">Hans Christian Andersen was born in Odense, Denmark, on April 2, 1805. He achieved worldwide fame for writing innovative and influential 'Fairy Tales'. No collection of fairy tales would be complete witho</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline; line-height: 18px;">ut the works of this Danish author Andersen. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline; line-height: 18px;">In fact, Andersen's life was like a fairy tale in many ways. Out of the poverty, hardship, and loneliness of his youth, he came to be one of the most honored men of his time. Many of the more than 160 fairy tales he wrote, have become Literary Classics enjoyed by children and adults alike.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; display: inline; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fh5SIlJAlss/UzsLGPPcleI/AAAAAAAAAqc/Go2JXzyUedM/s1600/April-02-Andersen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fh5SIlJAlss/UzsLGPPcleI/AAAAAAAAAqc/Go2JXzyUedM/s1600/April-02-Andersen.jpg" height="201" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; display: inline; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline; line-height: 18px;">Although today H.C.Andersen is primarily known as a writer of stories for children, during his lifetime he was also celebrated for his other literary works, including 6 Novels, 5 Travel Journals, 3 Auto-Biographies and numerous Poems and Plays.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; display: inline; line-height: 18px;">In order to honor this Danish fairy-tale maker, the "International Board on Books for Young People" has declared to celebrate his Birthday April 2nd as the "International Children's Book Day!", since 1967.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 18px;"> Happy B-Day to the Classic contributer H.C.Andersen! </span></div>
</span><br />
</div>
தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-41064275385312878342013-10-31T23:28:00.000+05:302013-10-31T23:28:21.026+05:30Birth of a revered poet!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="aboveUnitContent" style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; line-height: 14px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px;">
<div class="userContentWrapper">
<div class="_wk" style="line-height: 18px;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 150%;">"If
Poetry comes not as naturally as Leaves to a tree, it had better not come at
all." ~John Keats</span></i></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="_wk" style="line-height: 18px;">
<span class="userContent"><div class="_wk">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%;">Oct 31 (1795), its English romantic lyric poet John
Keats's B-Day today! Keats was dedicated to the perfection of poetry marked by
vivid imaginary that expressed a philosophical through classical legend. Happy
B-Day to the revered poet!</span></div>
</div>
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-luRabQ92H-M/UnKYACVk9GI/AAAAAAAAAcc/XYLYg9wMWno/s1600/Keats.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="337" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-luRabQ92H-M/UnKYACVk9GI/AAAAAAAAAcc/XYLYg9wMWno/s640/Keats.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">
<span class="userContent"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="photoUnit clearfix" style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; margin: 0px -12px; position: relative; zoom: 1;">
<div class="_53s uiScaledThumb photo photoWidth1" data-ft="{"tn":"E"}" data-gt="{"fbid":"657339320977214"}" style="float: left; position: relative;">
<a ajaxify="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=657339320977214&set=a.275701345807682.75348.100001034561807&type=1&relevant_count=1&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-ash4%2F1399105_657339320977214_1697805996_o.jpg&smallsrc=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-frc3%2F1380458_657339320977214_1697805996_n.jpg&size=1100%2C582&theater&source=9" class="_6i9" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=657339320977214&set=a.275701345807682.75348.100001034561807&type=1&relevant_count=1" rel="theater" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer;"></a></div>
</div>
</div>
தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-24796862177779681782012-01-01T21:38:00.000+05:302012-01-01T21:38:35.468+05:30Words of Sir Sydney Roberts<i>These are extracted from the forewords of Sir Sydney Roberts to the book titled "Be a Librarian" written by Clifford Currie.</i><br />
<br />
<b>It is in that spirit that the young man, or woman, should approach librarianship as a profession. But to be a book lover is not enough. The gradual assembly of a private library is one of the most delectable hobbies in the World, but Librarianship is something different. Like everyone else, the librarian will have his personal preferences; but if he is to do the job properly, he must lift himself into the universal category, he must be the servant of the readers and students and scholars in all branches of literature and science and in the vast complications of the modern would, he must equip himself with the essential tools of the bibliographical trade.<br />
<i>-Sir Sydney Roberts</i></b>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-7374815705022592872011-02-13T17:46:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:30:38.581+05:30Famous Libraries of England<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Codrington Library, All Souls College, Oxford</span></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LL6wymM-zZI/TVfDZ_7KnPI/AAAAAAAAAFI/u3S-tcv31ms/s1600/Codrington+Library%252C+All+Souls+College%252C+Oxford%252C+England.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LL6wymM-zZI/TVfDZ_7KnPI/AAAAAAAAAFI/u3S-tcv31ms/s320/Codrington+Library%252C+All+Souls+College%252C+Oxford%252C+England.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><br />
</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="apple-style-span">Duke of Humphrey’s Library, Bodleian, Oxford University</span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YpE2kY5Fe6s/TVfEUcnIe8I/AAAAAAAAAFM/1oL3Ocvpn_U/s1600/Duke+of+Humphrey%25E2%2580%2599s+Library%252C+Bodleian%252C+Oxford+University%252C+England.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YpE2kY5Fe6s/TVfEUcnIe8I/AAAAAAAAAFM/1oL3Ocvpn_U/s320/Duke+of+Humphrey%25E2%2580%2599s+Library%252C+Bodleian%252C+Oxford+University%252C+England.jpg" width="313" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"></span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Hereford Cathedral Chained Library, Hereford</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span class="apple-style-span">(Rare books</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">were once kept chained to the bookshelf to prevent stealing.)</span></span></b></span> </span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pjta9uX5ZVQ/TVfEt4KoRbI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/3OFGu3DczM0/s1600/Hereford+Cathedral+Chained+Library%252C+Hereford%252C+England+%2528Rare+books+were+once+kept+chained+to+the+bookshelf+to+prevent+stealing..jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pjta9uX5ZVQ/TVfEt4KoRbI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/3OFGu3DczM0/s320/Hereford+Cathedral+Chained+Library%252C+Hereford%252C+England+%2528Rare+books+were+once+kept+chained+to+the+bookshelf+to+prevent+stealing..jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><span class="apple-style-span">John Rylands Library, Manchester</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AHqq-SOWSxw/TVfFsh5gGcI/AAAAAAAAAFU/OvZ1zsEEGYo/s1600/John+Rylands+Library%252C+Manchester%252C+England.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AHqq-SOWSxw/TVfFsh5gGcI/AAAAAAAAAFU/OvZ1zsEEGYo/s320/John+Rylands+Library%252C+Manchester%252C+England.png" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">National Art Library, Victoria and Albert Museum</span></span> </span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yjewIAtrWlk/TVfF_INQJOI/AAAAAAAAAFY/s94CSP0-geM/s1600/National+Art+Library%252C+Victoria+and+Albert+Museum%252C+London.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yjewIAtrWlk/TVfF_INQJOI/AAAAAAAAAFY/s94CSP0-geM/s320/National+Art+Library%252C+Victoria+and+Albert+Museum%252C+London.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Old British Reading Room, British Museum, London</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AjpQHHAnoiw/TVfGPC5EKgI/AAAAAAAAAFc/19YvR7v_EHo/s1600/Old+British+Reading+Room%252C+British+Museum%252C+London%252C+England.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AjpQHHAnoiw/TVfGPC5EKgI/AAAAAAAAAFc/19YvR7v_EHo/s320/Old+British+Reading+Room%252C+British+Museum%252C+London%252C+England.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Queen’s College Library, Oxford</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZRqrBywb69I/TVfLBuDK0QI/AAAAAAAAAFg/pxc_w6Av7yI/s1600/Queen%25E2%2580%2599s+College+Library+Oxford.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZRqrBywb69I/TVfLBuDK0QI/AAAAAAAAAFg/pxc_w6Av7yI/s320/Queen%25E2%2580%2599s+College+Library+Oxford.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u369Kd12UDs/TVfLohl-a7I/AAAAAAAAAFk/lo2YgBmPcRI/s1600/Wren+Library%252C+Trinity+College%252C+Cambridge%252C+England.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u369Kd12UDs/TVfLohl-a7I/AAAAAAAAAFk/lo2YgBmPcRI/s320/Wren+Library%252C+Trinity+College%252C+Cambridge%252C+England.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-43785517380919879022011-02-13T17:08:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:30:58.638+05:30Famous Libraries of Finland<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>University-Library, Helsinki</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Bq72DzKzHUM/TVfCit3E5NI/AAAAAAAAAFE/6wLC8V9OPDs/s1600/University-Library%252C+Helsinki%252C+Finland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Bq72DzKzHUM/TVfCit3E5NI/AAAAAAAAAFE/6wLC8V9OPDs/s320/University-Library%252C+Helsinki%252C+Finland.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-43868200271240454262011-02-13T17:05:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:31:32.998+05:30Famous Libraries of France<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Bibliotheque Alencon, Normandy</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WDKcp-cxezo/TVfBR7ZxgZI/AAAAAAAAAE4/bROl436E0Ig/s1600/Bibliotheque+Alencon%252C+Normandy%252C+France.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WDKcp-cxezo/TVfBR7ZxgZI/AAAAAAAAAE4/bROl436E0Ig/s320/Bibliotheque+Alencon%252C+Normandy%252C+France.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Bibliotheque Nationale de France, Paris</span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EJBP6OARCMM/TVfBqNroo_I/AAAAAAAAAE8/R1-qWAukwRQ/s1600/Bibliothe%25C2%25B4que+Nationale+de+France%252C+Paris%252C+France.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EJBP6OARCMM/TVfBqNroo_I/AAAAAAAAAE8/R1-qWAukwRQ/s320/Bibliothe%25C2%25B4que+Nationale+de+France%252C+Paris%252C+France.jpg" width="317" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Sorbonne Library, Paris</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cezP2h-8Ek0/TVfB1wQXikI/AAAAAAAAAFA/_vEPM7OgG6I/s1600/Sorbonne+Library%252C+Paris%252C+France.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cezP2h-8Ek0/TVfB1wQXikI/AAAAAAAAAFA/_vEPM7OgG6I/s320/Sorbonne+Library%252C+Paris%252C+France.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-61813560638714611702011-02-13T16:46:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:31:48.625+05:30Famous Libraries of Germany<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Bad Schussenried Bibliothekssaal, Baden-Württemberg</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dH3bqGZ-1j8/TVe5y2tTm3I/AAAAAAAAAEQ/GXFVIQFbHzY/s1600/Bad+Schussenried+Bibliothekssaal%252C+Baden-W%25C3%25BCrttemberg%252C+Germany.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="146" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dH3bqGZ-1j8/TVe5y2tTm3I/AAAAAAAAAEQ/GXFVIQFbHzY/s320/Bad+Schussenried+Bibliothekssaal%252C+Baden-W%25C3%25BCrttemberg%252C+Germany.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar II</span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KqWD3lRZuIE/TVe6E1v4cwI/AAAAAAAAAEU/LWSQLDxjsT4/s1600/Herzogin+Anna+Amalia+Bibliothek+Weimar+II%252C+Germany.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KqWD3lRZuIE/TVe6E1v4cwI/AAAAAAAAAEU/LWSQLDxjsT4/s320/Herzogin+Anna+Amalia+Bibliothek+Weimar+II%252C+Germany.jpg" width="215" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Herzog August Library, Wolfenbüttel</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NRz1jyq212k/TVe6idueFPI/AAAAAAAAAEc/KqYbuk0qqXY/s1600/Herzog+August+Library-Wolfenb%25C3%25BCttel-Germany.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NRz1jyq212k/TVe6idueFPI/AAAAAAAAAEc/KqYbuk0qqXY/s320/Herzog+August+Library-Wolfenb%25C3%25BCttel-Germany.jpg" width="286" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Library of the Prussian King Frederic the Second in Potsdam</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1360zkuaN30/TVe7HO8Wc5I/AAAAAAAAAEg/VqEF7n163Qs/s1600/Library+of+the+Prussian+King+Frederic+the+Second+in+Potsdam%252C+Germany.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1360zkuaN30/TVe7HO8Wc5I/AAAAAAAAAEg/VqEF7n163Qs/s320/Library+of+the+Prussian+King+Frederic+the+Second+in+Potsdam%252C+Germany.jpg" width="212" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Saxon State Library,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Dresden </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>[The reading room pictured is entirely underground.</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>The ceiling being level with the grass.]</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--CsVJoZFO7Y/TVe7g36QWwI/AAAAAAAAAEk/iHbTixu1Dl8/s1600/Saxon+State+Library+in+Dresden%252C+Germany+%2528The+reading+room+pictured+is+entirely+underground%252C+the+ceiling+being+level+with+the+grass.%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--CsVJoZFO7Y/TVe7g36QWwI/AAAAAAAAAEk/iHbTixu1Dl8/s320/Saxon+State+Library+in+Dresden%252C+Germany+%2528The+reading+room+pictured+is+entirely+underground%252C+the+ceiling+being+level+with+the+grass.%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br />
</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Waldsassen Abbey Library, Bavaria</span></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I1xs3_1OsrU/TVe8nDDtP_I/AAAAAAAAAEw/Xd1FX563Q5I/s1600/Waldsassen+Abbey+Library%252C+Bavaria%252C+Germany.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="153" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-I1xs3_1OsrU/TVe8nDDtP_I/AAAAAAAAAEw/Xd1FX563Q5I/s320/Waldsassen+Abbey+Library%252C+Bavaria%252C+Germany.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Wiblingen Monestary Library, Ulm</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DLaVjtDC6z4/TVe84oNSjRI/AAAAAAAAAE0/yu1ESYE-Et0/s1600/Wiblingen+Monestary+Library%252C+Ulm%252C+Germany.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DLaVjtDC6z4/TVe84oNSjRI/AAAAAAAAAE0/yu1ESYE-Et0/s320/Wiblingen+Monestary+Library%252C+Ulm%252C+Germany.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-286027749063159162011-02-13T16:29:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:32:05.955+05:30Famous Libraries of Hungary<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Cathedral Library, Kalocsa</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1QfFiSCgxK8/TVe5ah2OcUI/AAAAAAAAAEM/UkktJZj-vJ8/s1600/Cathedral+Library%252C+Kalocsa%252C+Hungary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1QfFiSCgxK8/TVe5ah2OcUI/AAAAAAAAAEM/UkktJZj-vJ8/s320/Cathedral+Library%252C+Kalocsa%252C+Hungary.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-276466250966536972011-02-13T16:27:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:32:35.268+05:30Famous Libraries of Ireland<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>National Library of Ireland, Dublin</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EvF4mtzirCo/TVe4aqyyXiI/AAAAAAAAAEE/CezLwVGts5A/s1600/National+Library+of+Ireland%252C+Dublin%252C+Ireland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EvF4mtzirCo/TVe4aqyyXiI/AAAAAAAAAEE/CezLwVGts5A/s320/National+Library+of+Ireland%252C+Dublin%252C+Ireland.jpg" width="311" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b>Trinity College Library, </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b>Dublin</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><i>The Long Room</i></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9soGHKJ9I5c/TVe4tDNz78I/AAAAAAAAAEI/7HWSvXuohDg/s1600/world+famous+long+room+library-trinitycollege-dublin.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="211" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9soGHKJ9I5c/TVe4tDNz78I/AAAAAAAAAEI/7HWSvXuohDg/s320/world+famous+long+room+library-trinitycollege-dublin.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><br />
</b></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-82863135929226018942011-02-13T16:22:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:33:00.697+05:30Famous Libraries of Italy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>Angelica Library, Rome</b></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-D9b8FeN0fF0/TVe1y0BgnHI/AAAAAAAAADk/i5ExrLNNwKA/s1600/Angelica+Library-Rome-Italy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-D9b8FeN0fF0/TVe1y0BgnHI/AAAAAAAAADk/i5ExrLNNwKA/s320/Angelica+Library-Rome-Italy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">Biblioteca Angelica, Rome</span></span></b></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GtgpHtLAyTo/TVe2A32WGcI/AAAAAAAAADo/trTSFqPO6ws/s1600/Biblioteca+Angelica%252C+RomeItaly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="248" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GtgpHtLAyTo/TVe2A32WGcI/AAAAAAAAADo/trTSFqPO6ws/s320/Biblioteca+Angelica%252C+RomeItaly.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Biblioteca Di Bella Arti, Milan</span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rLaHDI4Oc-c/TVe2pChtvhI/AAAAAAAAADs/G0XVgE07uI8/s1600/Biblioteca+Di+Bella+Arti%252C+Milan%252C+Italy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rLaHDI4Oc-c/TVe2pChtvhI/AAAAAAAAADs/G0XVgE07uI8/s320/Biblioteca+Di+Bella+Arti%252C+Milan%252C+Italy.jpg" width="252" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana, Florence</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_srW9qw5Q-A/TVe28ollpRI/AAAAAAAAADw/5wgV6Ik13HI/s1600/Biblioteca+Medicea-Laurenziana%252C+Florence%252C+Italy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="313" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_srW9qw5Q-A/TVe28ollpRI/AAAAAAAAADw/5wgV6Ik13HI/s320/Biblioteca+Medicea-Laurenziana%252C+Florence%252C+Italy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Casanatense Library, Rome</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uTB-u5QMf6M/TVe3L2c4xTI/AAAAAAAAAD0/kxHN5_bslik/s1600/Casanatense+Library%252C+Rome%252C+Italy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="218" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uTB-u5QMf6M/TVe3L2c4xTI/AAAAAAAAAD0/kxHN5_bslik/s320/Casanatense+Library%252C+Rome%252C+Italy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Sansovino Library, Rome</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CoS_JEL_0KM/TVe3zaaV48I/AAAAAAAAAD8/cEw4EX-8UJM/s1600/Sansovino+Library%252C+Rome%252C+Italy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CoS_JEL_0KM/TVe3zaaV48I/AAAAAAAAAD8/cEw4EX-8UJM/s320/Sansovino+Library%252C+Rome%252C+Italy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Vatican Library, Vatican City, Rome</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cx5LHCqJy8g/TVe38y1QooI/AAAAAAAAAEA/4iupnwwvhpU/s1600/Vatican+Library%252C+Vatican+City%252C+Rome.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="311" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cx5LHCqJy8g/TVe38y1QooI/AAAAAAAAAEA/4iupnwwvhpU/s320/Vatican+Library%252C+Vatican+City%252C+Rome.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-53188615553505871432011-02-13T16:07:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:33:16.497+05:30Famous Libraries of Mexico<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Biblioteca Palafoxiana, Puebla</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A1RD9qtqcMA/TVe0XFT3tsI/AAAAAAAAADg/ytoJUHFDO3E/s1600/Biblioteca+Palafoxiana%252C+Puebla%252C+Mexico.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A1RD9qtqcMA/TVe0XFT3tsI/AAAAAAAAADg/ytoJUHFDO3E/s320/Biblioteca+Palafoxiana%252C+Puebla%252C+Mexico.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-5176339983459682442011-02-13T16:05:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:33:33.692+05:30Famous Libraries of Netherlands<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Dutch Royal Archives Library</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-B8wUD1GyaBs/TVey5JdlC5I/AAAAAAAAADQ/MpN3gfGXzeM/s1600/Dutch+Royal+Archives+Library%252C+Netherlands.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-B8wUD1GyaBs/TVey5JdlC5I/AAAAAAAAADQ/MpN3gfGXzeM/s320/Dutch+Royal+Archives+Library%252C+Netherlands.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b>Handelingen Kamer Tweede Kamer Der Staten-Generaal Den Haag, </b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b>The Hague</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RcsCdSHIOZY/TVezt18woqI/AAAAAAAAADc/mRqJ9HQl_uU/s1600/Handelingenkamer+Tweede+Kamer+Der+Staten-Generaal+Den+Haag%252C+the+Hague%252C+Netherlands.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RcsCdSHIOZY/TVezt18woqI/AAAAAAAAADc/mRqJ9HQl_uU/s320/Handelingenkamer+Tweede+Kamer+Der+Staten-Generaal+Den+Haag%252C+the+Hague%252C+Netherlands.jpg" width="246" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Library of St. Walburga, Zutphen</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>(Preserved from the 16th century)</i></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0-pr0F132TY/TVezI_aq9GI/AAAAAAAAADU/AwGoVEgcFyg/s1600/Library+of+St.+Walburga%252C+Zutphen%252C+Netherland+%2528Preserved+from+the+16th+century%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0-pr0F132TY/TVezI_aq9GI/AAAAAAAAADU/AwGoVEgcFyg/s320/Library+of+St.+Walburga%252C+Zutphen%252C+Netherland+%2528Preserved+from+the+16th+century%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Rijkmuseum Library, Amsterdam</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zaXHkfXG9zY/TVezUc2FALI/AAAAAAAAADY/cnDDYY0PxB8/s1600/Rijkmuseum+Library%252C+Amsterdam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zaXHkfXG9zY/TVezUc2FALI/AAAAAAAAADY/cnDDYY0PxB8/s320/Rijkmuseum+Library%252C+Amsterdam.jpg" width="250" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-28301738806109473012011-02-13T15:53:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:33:51.809+05:30Famous Libraries of Portugal<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Biblioteca do Palacio e Convento de Mafra I,</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Lisbon</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Coast</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W0ydbIWlacU/TVewKGStWRI/AAAAAAAAADE/R5HZQo1Hg_c/s1600/Biblioteca+do+Palacio+e+Convento+de+Mafra+I%252C+Lisbon+Coast%252C+Portugal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-W0ydbIWlacU/TVewKGStWRI/AAAAAAAAADE/R5HZQo1Hg_c/s320/Biblioteca+do+Palacio+e+Convento+de+Mafra+I%252C+Lisbon+Coast%252C+Portugal.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Biblioteca Geral, University of</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Coimbra</span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3Euz8_sxm8I/TVewrbF6tGI/AAAAAAAAADI/pTAUowir8S0/s1600/Biblioteca+Geral+University+of+Coimbra%252C+Coimbra%252C+Portugal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3Euz8_sxm8I/TVewrbF6tGI/AAAAAAAAADI/pTAUowir8S0/s320/Biblioteca+Geral+University+of+Coimbra%252C+Coimbra%252C+Portugal.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Library of the National Palace of Mafra</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7oq8yIbIujw/TVexBVk4jII/AAAAAAAAADM/d13g3pjJzXs/s1600/Library+of+the+National+Palace+of+Mafra%252C+Portugal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7oq8yIbIujw/TVexBVk4jII/AAAAAAAAADM/d13g3pjJzXs/s320/Library+of+the+National+Palace+of+Mafra%252C+Portugal.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-48125703480401225972011-02-13T15:47:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:34:28.965+05:30Famous Libraries of Russia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Russian National Library, St. Petersburg</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OyV-WHUw8YA/TVevsskKhNI/AAAAAAAAADA/ivJwgZSgxis/s1600/Russian+National+Library%252C+St.+Petersburg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OyV-WHUw8YA/TVevsskKhNI/AAAAAAAAADA/ivJwgZSgxis/s320/Russian+National+Library%252C+St.+Petersburg.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-7212284209998958782011-02-13T15:46:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:34:43.880+05:30Famous Libraries of Scotland<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Rennie Mackintosh Library </b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i>[Glasgow School of Art]</i></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-I7uyihhGCWc/TVevHBYaezI/AAAAAAAAAC4/Id09kpsEA2U/s1600/Rennie+Mackintosh+Library%252C+Glasgow+School+of+Art%252C+Scotland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-I7uyihhGCWc/TVevHBYaezI/AAAAAAAAAC4/Id09kpsEA2U/s320/Rennie+Mackintosh+Library%252C+Glasgow+School+of+Art%252C+Scotland.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>The New Library of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh</b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gwZPUl021vU/TVevV5jxXGI/AAAAAAAAAC8/qadNcONENCg/s1600/The+New+Library+of+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+Edinburgh.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gwZPUl021vU/TVevV5jxXGI/AAAAAAAAAC8/qadNcONENCg/s320/The+New+Library+of+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians+of+Edinburgh.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><i><br />
</i></b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-87842962660106852212011-02-13T15:42:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:35:03.071+05:30Famous Libraries of Spain<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Biblioteca Castilla La Mancha</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3fWPy7v52w/TVet91tNxFI/AAAAAAAAACo/yTFykTvKzYU/s1600/Biblioteca+Castilla+La+Mancha%252C+Spain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3fWPy7v52w/TVet91tNxFI/AAAAAAAAACo/yTFykTvKzYU/s320/Biblioteca+Castilla+La+Mancha%252C+Spain.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Bibliotecha de la Real Academia De La Lengua, Madrid</span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ps3gKMWeUmE/TVeuKzR8nzI/AAAAAAAAACs/b8amUsFn7zc/s1600/Bibliotecha+de+la+Real+Academia+De+La+Lengua%252C+Madrid%252C+Spain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="318" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ps3gKMWeUmE/TVeuKzR8nzI/AAAAAAAAACs/b8amUsFn7zc/s320/Bibliotecha+de+la+Real+Academia+De+La+Lengua%252C+Madrid%252C+Spain.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">El Escorial Library, San Lorenzo</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QKV27unf5Z8/TVeuTOCfJzI/AAAAAAAAACw/Z3b2WM2ziu8/s1600/El+Escorial+Library%252C+San+Lorenzo%252C+Spain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QKV27unf5Z8/TVeuTOCfJzI/AAAAAAAAACw/Z3b2WM2ziu8/s320/El+Escorial+Library%252C+San+Lorenzo%252C+Spain.jpg" width="239" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Salamanca Library, Salamanca</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hhVZPFsGOXU/TVeufB8kqkI/AAAAAAAAAC0/0uUadO4YVuc/s1600/Salamanca+Library%252C+Salamanca%252C+Spain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hhVZPFsGOXU/TVeufB8kqkI/AAAAAAAAAC0/0uUadO4YVuc/s320/Salamanca+Library%252C+Salamanca%252C+Spain.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-90056487383567756612011-02-13T15:36:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:35:18.893+05:30Famous Libraries of Sweden<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Bernadotte Library, Stockholm</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NkeERhHJ9hs/TVesgn8SXNI/AAAAAAAAACg/8JEoYvQKf9s/s1600/Bernadotte+Library-Stockholm+Sweden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="92" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NkeERhHJ9hs/TVesgn8SXNI/AAAAAAAAACg/8JEoYvQKf9s/s320/Bernadotte+Library-Stockholm+Sweden.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Riksdagen Library</span></span></span></b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;">, Stockholm</span></span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>[Swedish Parliament Library]</i></span></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SnH336ooIHM/TVess_0tneI/AAAAAAAAACk/TvV65_agvus/s1600/Riksdagen+Library%252C+Swedish+Parliament+Library%252C+Stockholm%252C+Sweden.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SnH336ooIHM/TVess_0tneI/AAAAAAAAACk/TvV65_agvus/s320/Riksdagen+Library%252C+Swedish+Parliament+Library%252C+Stockholm%252C+Sweden.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></b> </span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-53908042113923581552011-02-13T15:28:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:35:41.647+05:30Famous Libraries of Switzerland<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Abbey Library, St. Gallen</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-stio1tNVKEM/TVeq61yq9FI/AAAAAAAAACY/ZdmJxaLiAjY/s1600/Abbey+Library+St.+Gallen-Switzerland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-stio1tNVKEM/TVeq61yq9FI/AAAAAAAAACY/ZdmJxaLiAjY/s320/Abbey+Library+St.+Gallen-Switzerland.jpg" width="243" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Beatus Rhenanus Library, Basel</span></span></span></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zP4lLhP6bco/TVerQVRgBII/AAAAAAAAACc/im9mrsKCUyY/s1600/Beatus+Rhenanus+Library-Basel-Switzerland.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zP4lLhP6bco/TVerQVRgBII/AAAAAAAAACc/im9mrsKCUyY/s320/Beatus+Rhenanus+Library-Basel-Switzerland.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-61568164612149768952011-02-13T12:48:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:36:02.381+05:30Famous Libraries of USA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Boston Athenæum, Boston</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vk8e1vilcFo/TVeBSpNv7XI/AAAAAAAAABg/zG_PzJ1s4FY/s1600/Boston+Athen%25C3%25A6um%252C+Boston%252C+MA%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="236" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vk8e1vilcFo/TVeBSpNv7XI/AAAAAAAAABg/zG_PzJ1s4FY/s320/Boston+Athen%25C3%25A6um%252C+Boston%252C+MA%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Boston Copley Public Library, Boston</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7BzCk9HPmMU/TVeB_ZzTUvI/AAAAAAAAABo/3FcDIZ1DQ3s/s1600/Boston+Copley+Public+Library%252C+Boston%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7BzCk9HPmMU/TVeB_ZzTUvI/AAAAAAAAABo/3FcDIZ1DQ3s/s320/Boston+Copley+Public+Library%252C+Boston%252C+USA.jpg" width="216" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><b>Cornell Law School Library, Ithaca</b></span></span><b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"> </span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sPZEKe4Iwe4/TVeCSHetEjI/AAAAAAAAABs/djUm_yYaLTE/s1600/Cornell+Law+School+Library%252C+Ithaca%252C+NY%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sPZEKe4Iwe4/TVeCSHetEjI/AAAAAAAAABs/djUm_yYaLTE/s320/Cornell+Law+School+Library%252C+Ithaca%252C+NY%252C+USA.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pM5ASlLpJJA/TVeDEBRg2qI/AAAAAAAAABw/KxZcXYzIP4g/s1600/Folger+Shakespeare+Library%252C+Washington+D.C.%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pM5ASlLpJJA/TVeDEBRg2qI/AAAAAAAAABw/KxZcXYzIP4g/s320/Folger+Shakespeare+Library%252C+Washington+D.C.%252C+USA.jpg" width="247" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Frederick Ferris Thompson Memorial Library, New York</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K3_YgZHYS3g/TVeDtGcevVI/AAAAAAAAAB0/KCAfbJbiYJk/s1600/Frederick+Ferris+Thompson+Memorial+Library%252C+Vassar+College%252C+Poughkeepsie%252C+New+York%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-K3_YgZHYS3g/TVeDtGcevVI/AAAAAAAAAB0/KCAfbJbiYJk/s320/Frederick+Ferris+Thompson+Memorial+Library%252C+Vassar+College%252C+Poughkeepsie%252C+New+York%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Library of Congress, Washington</b></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B9vXko1UtJ4/TVeEAcCaTfI/AAAAAAAAAB4/78yYVrN7Cqc/s1600/Library+of+Congress%252C+Washington%252C+DC%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="229" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B9vXko1UtJ4/TVeEAcCaTfI/AAAAAAAAAB4/78yYVrN7Cqc/s320/Library+of+Congress%252C+Washington%252C+DC%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"><b>New York Public Library, New York</b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px;"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uyqERyLxTL0/TVeELZH_5lI/AAAAAAAAAB8/dzZ_qaswX68/s1600/New+York+Public+Library%252C+New+York%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="138" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uyqERyLxTL0/TVeELZH_5lI/AAAAAAAAAB8/dzZ_qaswX68/s320/New+York+Public+Library%252C+New+York%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><b><br />
</b></span></span> <span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Old Chicago Public Library (Current Cultural Center), Chicago</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CWYZHjg17aQ/TVeEfNwhoLI/AAAAAAAAACA/LeXeEPecEPE/s1600/Old+Chicago+Public+Library+%2528Current+Cultural+Center%2529%252C+Chicago%252C+IL%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CWYZHjg17aQ/TVeEfNwhoLI/AAAAAAAAACA/LeXeEPecEPE/s320/Old+Chicago+Public+Library+%2528Current+Cultural+Center%2529%252C+Chicago%252C+IL%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b></b></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Riggs Library, Georgetown University</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KJjz7nfwUeo/TVeEwoqQEoI/AAAAAAAAACE/SLUrXdiNnuk/s1600/Riggs+Library%252C+Georgetown+University%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KJjz7nfwUeo/TVeEwoqQEoI/AAAAAAAAACE/SLUrXdiNnuk/s320/Riggs+Library%252C+Georgetown+University%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Thomas Crane Library, Quincy</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bq5oIBgvljg/TVeFHEoH5tI/AAAAAAAAACI/c4cittkbuzc/s1600/Thomas+Crane+Library%252C+Quincy+MA%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bq5oIBgvljg/TVeFHEoH5tI/AAAAAAAAACI/c4cittkbuzc/s320/Thomas+Crane+Library%252C+Quincy+MA%252C+USA.jpg" width="212" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">University of Michigan (Old) Law Library</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fcLAGabOzwE/TVeFURNm-5I/AAAAAAAAACM/3jePAsZa69M/s1600/University+of+Michigan+%2528Old%2529+Law+Library%252C+MI%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fcLAGabOzwE/TVeFURNm-5I/AAAAAAAAACM/3jePAsZa69M/s320/University+of+Michigan+%2528Old%2529+Law+Library%252C+MI%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Widener Library, Harvard. Cambridge</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yIAYvr2gRJs/TVeFg-GmnsI/AAAAAAAAACQ/1YSPbcD7LbE/s1600/Widener+Library%252C+Harvard.+Cambridge%252C+MA%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yIAYvr2gRJs/TVeFg-GmnsI/AAAAAAAAACQ/1YSPbcD7LbE/s320/Widener+Library%252C+Harvard.+Cambridge%252C+MA%252C+USA.jpg" width="227" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New Haven, Connecticut</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-knvw5NnbucE/TVeFwgp3SqI/AAAAAAAAACU/nFm5Hxhs4w4/s1600/Yale%252C+Beinecke+Rare+Book+and+Manuscript+Library%252C+New+Haven%252C+Connecticut%252C+USA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="210" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-knvw5NnbucE/TVeFwgp3SqI/AAAAAAAAACU/nFm5Hxhs4w4/s320/Yale%252C+Beinecke+Rare+Book+and+Manuscript+Library%252C+New+Haven%252C+Connecticut%252C+USA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b></b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b></b></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><br />
</b> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b></b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span> </span></span></span></span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-84699442742014302782011-02-13T12:20:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:36:22.633+05:30Famous Libraries of Wales<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_uR73CkqnYo/TVd_CLC8A2I/AAAAAAAAABU/42UhbpaygoM/s1600/Llyfrgell+Genedlaethol+Cymru%252C+National+Library+of+Wales%252C+Aberystwyth%252C+Wales.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_uR73CkqnYo/TVd_CLC8A2I/AAAAAAAAABU/42UhbpaygoM/s320/Llyfrgell+Genedlaethol+Cymru%252C+National+Library+of+Wales%252C+Aberystwyth%252C+Wales.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 14px;"><b>Theology Room at St. Deiniol’s library, North Wales</b></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UTiKV6i42Jc/TVeAEYztk0I/AAAAAAAAABc/A5vD3_YH2fo/s1600/Theology+Room+at+St.+Deiniol%25E2%2580%2599s+library%252C+North+Wales.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UTiKV6i42Jc/TVeAEYztk0I/AAAAAAAAABc/A5vD3_YH2fo/s320/Theology+Room+at+St.+Deiniol%25E2%2580%2599s+library%252C+North+Wales.jpg" width="220" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-80356216595232419942011-02-13T10:38:00.000+05:302011-05-18T14:36:59.308+05:30History of Libraries<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in;"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;"><u>Library</u><o:p></o:p></span></i></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN">A <b>library</b> is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, <b>a library is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_of_sets" title="Category of sets">collection</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books" title="Books">books</a>. </b>It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term "library" has itself acquired a secondary meaning: "a collection of useful material for common use." This sense is used in fields such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(electronics)" title="Library (electronics)">electronics</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_(biology)" title="Library (biology)">biology</a>. It can also be used by publishers in naming series of related books, e.g. <i>The Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology</i>. Libraries often provide a place of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silence" title="Silence">silence</a> for studying.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN">Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to - or cannot afford to - purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librarian" title="Librarian">librarians</a> who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN">However, with the sets and collection of media and of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_storage_device" title="Data storage device">media</a> other than books for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording" title="Recording">storing information</a>, many libraries are now also repositories and access points for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map" title="Map">maps</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_room" title="Print room">prints</a>, or other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documents" title="Documents">documents</a> and various storage media such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microform" title="Microform">microform</a> (microfilm/microfiche), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_tape" title="Audio tape">audio tapes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CDs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_cassette" title="Compact cassette">cassettes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotapes</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_games" title="Video games">video games</a>. Libraries may also provide public facilities to access subscription databases and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN">Thus, modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> in many formats and from many sources. They are understood as extending beyond the physical walls of a building, by including material accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing tremendous amounts of information with a variety of digital tools.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">Early history<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><i><span lang="EN"><u>Antiquity</u></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></i></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN">The first libraries were composed for the most part, of published <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document" title="Document">records</a>, a particular type of library called <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archives" title="Archives"><b>archives</b></a></i>. Archaeological findings from the ancient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City-states" title="City-states">city-states</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a> have revealed temple rooms full of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet"><b>clay tablets</b></a></i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform_script" title="Cuneiform script">cuneiform script</a>. These archives were made up almost completely of the records of commercial transactions or inventories, with only a few documents touching theological matters, historical records or legends. Things were much the same in the government and temple records on <i><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> </b></i>of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN">The earliest discovered private archives were kept at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a>; besides correspondence and inventories, texts of myths may have been standardized practice-texts for teaching new scribes. There is also evidence of libraries at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a> about 1900 B.C. and those at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> about 700 B.C. showing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_classification" title="Library classification">library classification</a> system.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="EN">Over 30,000 clay tablets from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Library of Ashurbanipal">Library of Ashurbanipal</a> have been discovered at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>, providing archaeologists with an amazing wealth of Mesopotamian literary, religious and administrative work. Among the findings were the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enuma_Elish" title="Enuma Elish">Enuma Elish</a>, also known as <i>the Epic of Creation,</i> which depicts a traditional Babylonian view of creation, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a>, a large selection of "omen texts" including <i>Enuma Anu Enlil</i> which "contained omens dealing with the moon, its visibility, eclipses, and conjunction with planets and fixed stars, the sun, its corona, spots, and eclipses, the weather, namely lightning, thunder, and clouds, and the planets and their visibility, appearance, and stations", and astronomic/astrological texts, as well as standard lists used by scribes and scholars such as word lists, bilingual vocabularies, lists of signs and synonyms, and lists of medical diagnoses.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="EN"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><u>Libraries in the Hellenic world and Rome</u><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Private or personal libraries made up of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fiction" title="Non-fiction">non-fiction</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a> books (as opposed to the state or institutional records kept in archives) appeared in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical Greece</a> in the 5th century BC. The celebrated book collectors of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_civilization" title="Hellenistic civilization">Hellenistic</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Antiquity</a> were listed in the late second century in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deipnosophistae" title="Deipnosophistae">Deipnosophistae</a>:</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrates_of_Samos" title="Polycrates of Samos">Polycrates of Samos</a></span> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peisistratos_(Athens)" title="Peisistratos (Athens)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pisistratus</span></a> who was tyrant of Athens, and Euclides who was himself also an Athenian and Nicorrates of Samos and even the kings of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pergamum" title="Pergamum"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Pergamos</span></a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a> the poet and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> the philosopher, and Nelius his librarian; from whom they say our countryman <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy Philadelphus"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">Ptolemæus, surnamed Philadelphus</span></a>, bought them all, and transported them, with all those which he had collected at Athens and at Rhodes to his own beautiful Alexandria.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">All these libraries were Greek; the cultivated Hellenized diners in <i>Deipnosophistae</i> pass over the libraries of Rome in silence. By the time of Augustus there were public libraries near the forums of Rome: there were libraries in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porticus_Octaviae" title="Porticus Octaviae">Porticus Octaviae</a> near the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Marcellus" title="Theatre of Marcellus">Theatre of Marcellus</a>, in the temple of Apollo Palatinus, and in the Bibliotheca Ulpiana in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_of_Trajan" title="Forum of Trajan">Forum of Trajan</a>. The state archives were kept in a structure on the slope between the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Forum" title="Roman Forum">Roman Forum</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline_Hill" title="Capitoline Hill">Capitoline Hill</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Private libraries appeared during the late republic: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger" title="Seneca the Younger">Seneca</a> inveighed against libraries fitted out for show by non-reading owners who scarcely read their titles in the course of a lifetime, but displayed the scrolls in bookcases (<i>armaria</i>) of citrus wood inlaid with ivory that ran right to the ceiling: "by now, like bathrooms and hot water, a library is got up as standard equipment for a fine house (<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domus" title="Domus">domus</a></i>). Libraries were amenities suited to a villa, such as Cicero's at Tusculum, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maecenas" title="Maecenas">Maecenas</a>'s several villas, or Livy the Younger's, all described in surviving letters. At the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_of_the_Papyri" title="Villa of the Papyri">Villa of the Papyri</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, apparently the villa of Caesar's father-in-law, the Greek library has been partly preserved in volcanic ash; archaeologists speculate that a Latin library, kept separate from the Greek one, may await discovery at the site.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">In the West, the first public libraries were established under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> as each succeeding emperor strove to open one or many which outshone that of his predecessor. Unlike the Greek libraries, readers had direct access to the scrolls, which were kept on shelves built into the walls of a large room. Reading or copying was normally done in the room itself. The surviving records give only a few instances of lending features. As a rule Roman public libraries were bilingual: they had a Latin room and a Greek room. Most of the large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_bath" title="Roman bath">Roman baths</a> were also cultural centers, built from the start with a library, with the usual two room arrangement for Greek and Latin texts.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Libraries were filled with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchment" title="Parchment">parchment</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scroll_(parchment)" title="Scroll (parchment)">scrolls</a> as at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Pergamum" title="Library of Pergamum">Library of Pergamum</a> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">on</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> scrolls as at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></i>: export of prepared writing materials was a staple of commerce. There were a few institutional or royal libraries which were open to an educated public (like the <b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria" title="Library of Alexandria">Library of Alexandria</a>, once the largest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_libraries_of_the_ancient_world" title="Great libraries of the ancient world">library in the ancient world</a></b>), but on the whole collections were private. In those rare cases where it was possible for a scholar to consult library books there seems to have been no direct access to the stacks. In all recorded cases the books were kept in a relatively small room where the staff went to get them for the readers, who had to consult them in an adjoining hall or covered walkway.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">In the sixth century, at the very close of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_period" title="Classical period">Classical period</a>, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and Alexandria. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a>, minister to Theodoric, established a monastery at Vivarium in the heel of Italy with a library where he attempted to bring Greek learning to Latin readers and preserve texts both sacred and secular for future generations. As its unofficial librarian, Cassiodorus not only collected as many manuscripts as he could, he also wrote treatises aimed at instructing his monks in the proper uses of reading and methods for copying texts accurately. In the end, however, the library at Vivarium was dispersed and lost within a century.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Through <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> and especially the scholarly presbyter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphilus_of_Caesarea" title="Pamphilus of Caesarea">Pamphilus of Caesarea</a>, an avid collector of books of Scripture, the theological school of Caesarea won a reputation for having <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphilus_of_Caesarea" title="Pamphilus of Caesarea">the most extensive ecclesiastical library of the time</a>, containing more than 30,000 manuscripts: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Nazianzus" title="Gregory Nazianzus">Gregory Nazianzus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_the_Great" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> and others came to study there.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN">With education firmly in Christian hands, however, many of the works of classical antiquity were no longer considered useful. Old texts were washed off the valuable parchment and papyrus, which were reused, forming <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palimpsests" title="Palimpsests">palimpsests</a>. As scrolls gave way to the new book-form, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a>, which was universally used for Christian literature, old manuscript scrolls were cut apart and used to stiffen leather bindings. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><i><span lang="EN"><u>Ancient Chinese libraries</u></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></i></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">The imperial library is the earliest known Chinese library, with history dating back to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qin_Dynasty" title="Qin Dynasty">Qin Dynasty</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> scholar Liu Hsiang established the first library classification system during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_Dynasty" title="Han Dynasty">Han Dynasty</a>, and the <b>first book notation system</b>. At this time the library catalog was written on scrolls of fine <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> and stored in silk bags.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><i><span lang="EN"><u>Islamic libraries</u></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></i></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Upon the spread of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, libraries in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">newly Islamic lands</a> knew a brief period of expansion in the Middle East, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. Like the Christian libraries, they mostly contained books which were made of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>, and took a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a> or modern form instead of scrolls; they could be found in mosques, private homes, and universities, from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, for example, the largest and probably the oldest mosque library, the Sufiya, located at the city's Grand Umayyad Mosque, contained a large book collection of which 10,000 volumes were reportedly bequeathed by the city's most famous ruler, Prince Sayf al-Dawla. Some mosques sponsored <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public libraries</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim" title="Ibn al-Nadim">Ibn al-Nadim</a>'s bibliography <i>Fihrist</i> demonstrates the devotion of medieval Muslim scholars to books and reliable sources; it contains a description of thousands of books circulating in the Islamic world circa 1000, including an entire section for books about the doctrines of other religions. Unfortunately, modern Islamic libraries for the most part do not hold these antique books; many were lost, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(1258)" title="Battle of Baghdad (1258)">destroyed by Mongols</a>, or removed to European libraries and museums during the colonial period.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">By the 8th century first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranians</a> and then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab" title="Arab">Arabs</a> had imported the craft of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">papermaking</a> from China, with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">paper mill</a> already at work in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> in 794. By the 9th century completely <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_libraries" title="Public libraries">public libraries</a> started to appear in many Islamic cities. They were called <b>"halls of Science" or <i>dar al-'ilm</i></b>. They were each endowed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> sects with the purpose of representing their tenets as well as promoting the dissemination of secular knowledge. The 9th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil" title="Al-Mutawakkil">al-Mutawakkil</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, even ordered the construction of a ‘zawiyat qurra <i>literally an enclosure for readers which was `lavishly furnished and equipped.'</i> In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a> Adhud al-Daula (d. 983) set up a library, described by the medieval historian, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" title="Al-Muqaddasi">al-Muqaddasi</a>, as<i>`a complex of buildings surrounded by gardens with lakes and waterways. The buildings were topped with domes, and comprised an upper and a lower story with a total, according to the chief official, of 360 rooms.... In each <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departmentalization" title="Departmentalization">department</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">catalogues</a> were placed on a shelf... the rooms were furnished with carpets...'.</i> The libraries often employed translators and copyists in large numbers, in order to render into <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> the bulk of the available <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, Roman and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> non-fiction and the classics of literature. This flowering of Islamic learning ceased centuries later when learning began declining in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_world" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a>, after many of these libraries were destroyed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions" title="Mongol invasions">Mongol invasions</a>. Others were victim of wars and religious strife in the Islamic world. However, a few examples of these medieval libraries, such as the libraries of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinguetti" title="Chinguetti">Chinguetti</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, remain intact and relatively unchanged even today. Another ancient library from this period which is still operational and expanding is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Library_of_Astan_Quds_Razavi" title="Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi">Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi</a> in the Iranian city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, which has been operating for more than six centuries.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">A number of distinct features of the modern library were introduced in the Islamic world, where libraries not only served as a collection of manuscripts as was the case in ancient libraries, but also as a public library and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lending_library" title="Lending library">lending library</a>, a center for the instruction and spread of sciences and ideas, a place for meetings and discussions, and sometimes as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodging" title="Lodging">lodging</a> for scholars or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> for pupils. The concept of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_catalog" title="Library catalog">library catalogue</a> was also introduced in medieval Islamic libraries, where books were organized into specific <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a> and categories.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">The contents of these Islamic libraries were copied by Christian monks in Muslim/Christian border areas, particularly Spain and Sicily. From there they eventually made their way into other parts of Christian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. These copies joined works that had been preserved directly by Christian monks from Greek and Roman originals, as well as copies Western Christian monks made of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> works. The resulting conglomerate libraries are the basis of every modern library today.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><u>Medieval Christian libraries</u><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malatestiana_Library" title="Malatestiana Library">Malatestiana Library</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: </span><i><span lang="IT" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Biblioteca Malatestiana</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">), in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, is the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> civic library.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">With the retrenchment of literacy in the Roman west during the fourth and fifth centuries, fewer private libraries were maintained, and those in unfortified <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_villa" title="Roman villa">villas</a> proved to be among their most combustible contents.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, after the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">fall of the Western Roman Empire</a> and before the rise of the large Western <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> libraries beginning at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montecassino" title="Montecassino">Montecassino</a>, libraries were found in scattered places in the Christian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Medieval library design reflected the fact that these manuscripts —created via the labor-intensive process of hand copying— were valuable possessions. Library architecture developed in response to the need for security. Librarians often chained books to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectern" title="Lectern">lecterns</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armaria" title="Armaria">armaria</a> (wooden chests), or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookshelf" title="Bookshelf">shelves</a>, in well-lit rooms. Despite this protectiveness, many libraries were willing to lend their books if provided with security deposits (usually money or a book of equal value). Monastic libraries lent and borrowed books from each other frequently and lending policy was often theologically grounded. For example, the Franciscan monasteries loaned books to each other without a security deposit since according to their vow of poverty only the entire order could own property. In 1212 the council of Paris condemned those monasteries that still forbade loaning books, reminding them that <b>"lending is one of the chief works of mercy."</b><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Lending meant more than just having another work to read to librarians; while the work was in their possession, it could be copied, thus enriching the library's own collection. The book lent as a counter effort was often copied in the same way, so both libraries ended up having an additional title.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">The early libraries located in monastic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloisters</a> and associated with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">scriptoria</a> were collections of lecterns with books chained to them. Shelves built above and between back-to-back lecterns were the beginning of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookpress" title="Bookpress">bookpresses</a>. The chain was attached at the fore-edge of a book rather than to its spine. Book presses came to be arranged in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrel_desk" title="Carrel desk">carrels</a> (perpendicular to the walls and therefore to the windows) in order to maximize lighting, with low bookcases in front of the windows. This <i><b>stall system</b></i> (fixed bookcases perpendicular to exterior walls pierced by closely spaced windows) was characteristic of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> institutional libraries. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continental</a> libraries, bookcases were arranged parallel to and against the walls. This <i><b>wall system</b></i> was first introduced on a large scale in Spain's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Escorial" title="El Escorial">El Escorial</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><i><span lang="EN"><u>Southeast Asian libraries</u></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></i></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">Buddhist scriptures, educational materials, and histories were stored in libraries in pre-modern <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma" title="Burma">Burma</a>, a royal library called the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pitaka_Taik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pitaka Taik (page does not exist)">Pitaka Taik</a> was legendarily founded by King <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anawrahta" title="Anawrahta">Anawrahta</a>; in the 1700s, British envoy Michael Symes, upon visiting this library, wrote that "it is not improbable that his Birman majesty may possess a more numerous library than any potentate, from the banks of the Danube to the borders of China". In Thailand libraries called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_trai" title="Ho trai">ho trai</a> were built throughout the country, usually on stilts above a pond to prevent bugs from eating at the books.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><i><span lang="EN"><u>Early modern libraries</u></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></i></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a>'s movable type innovation in the 1400s revolutionized bookmaking. From the 15th century in central and northern Italy, the assiduously assembled libraries of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">humanists</a> and their enlightened patrons provided a nucleus around which an "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">academy</a>" of scholars congregated in each Italian city of consequence. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosimo_de_Medici" title="Cosimo de Medici">Cosimo de Medici</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> established his own collection, which formed the basis of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentian_Library" title="Laurentian Library">Laurentian Library</a>.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library#cite_note-18#cite_note-18"></a></sup> In Rome, the papal collections were brought together by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a>, in separate Greek and Latin libraries, and housed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>, who consigned the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana</a> to the care of his librarian, the humanist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeo_Platina" title="Bartolomeo Platina">Bartolomeo Platina</a> in February 1475.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library#cite_note-19#cite_note-19"></a></sup> In the 16th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a> bisected Bramante's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortile_del_Belvedere" title="Cortile del Belvedere">Cortile del Belvedere</a> with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Neri" title="Filippo Neri">Filippo Neri</a>, with other distinguished libraries such as that of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Baronio" title="Cesare Baronio">Cesare Baronio</a>, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelo_Rocca" title="Angelo Rocca">Angelo Rocca</a>, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> endowed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">University of Rome</a>; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Girolamo_Casanate&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Girolamo Casanate (page does not exist)">Girolamo Casanate</a>; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_XII" title="Pope Clement XII">Clement XII Corsini</a> and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .2in; margin-right: .2in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .3in;"><span lang="EN">A lot of factors combined to create a<b> "golden age of libraries" between 1600 and 1700</b>: The quantity of books had gone up, as the cost had gone down, there was a renewal in the interest of classical literature and culture, nationalism was encouraging nations to build great libraries, universities were playing a more prominent role in education, and renaissance thinkers and writers were producing great works. Some of the more important libraries include the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a> at Oxford, the Library of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_Mazarine" title="Bibliothèque Mazarine">Mazarine Library</a> in Paris, and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Central_Library_(Florence)" title="National Central Library (Florence)">National Central Library</a> in Italy, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_State_Library" title="Prussian State Library">Prussian State Library</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.E._Saltykov-Shchedrin_State_Public_Library" title="M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library">M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library</a> of St. Petersburg, and many more.</span></div></div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-28213515997793012022011-02-12T21:43:00.000+05:302011-02-12T21:43:56.409+05:30Dr.S.R.Ranganathan Image2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BJcmtCo--UQ/TVaxV38dPkI/AAAAAAAAAA4/hlJQpzxFlyo/s1600/srr2-new.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BJcmtCo--UQ/TVaxV38dPkI/AAAAAAAAAA4/hlJQpzxFlyo/s320/srr2-new.jpg" width="249" /></a></div><br />
</div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-21214578748720469882011-02-12T21:00:00.001+05:302011-02-12T21:44:32.879+05:30Dr.S.R.Ranganathan Image1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-054eRdKNWo4/TVaneEtMj5I/AAAAAAAAAA0/u6EkjtwXh5U/s1600/Ranganathan-1.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-054eRdKNWo4/TVaneEtMj5I/AAAAAAAAAA0/u6EkjtwXh5U/s320/Ranganathan-1.gif" width="254" /></a></div><br />
</div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2528257573844461532.post-90470356000700904752011-02-12T20:38:00.000+05:302011-02-12T20:45:45.706+05:30Dr.S.R.Ranganathan Image<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #073763; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Dr.S.R.RANGANATHAN</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #073763; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b>Father of Indian Libraries</b></span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VnKRDxAgJug/TVahgYe3fBI/AAAAAAAAAAw/LcN4cKBWm90/s1600/srrtable.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VnKRDxAgJug/TVahgYe3fBI/AAAAAAAAAAw/LcN4cKBWm90/s1600/srrtable.gif" /></a></div><br />
</div>தமிழச்சி சிவா-ஆயிஷா மைந்தன்http://www.blogger.com/profile/12967292298418513205noreply@blogger.com0